TMMOB
Yerküre Üzerindeki Yaşamın Kökenine ve Evrimine Jeolojik Bir Bakış Açısı
Doğal seçilim
Göktaşları
Büyük Patlama
Stromatolitler
Ward, P. ve Kirschvink, J., 2015. A new history of life. Bloomsbury Press, New York, pp. 391.
Nisbet, E.G. ve Sleep, N.H., 2003. The physical setting for early life. In: Evolution on planet Earth. Edited by Rothschild, L.J. and Lister, A.M., Academic Press, Boston, p. 3-34.
Raven, J. ve Skene, K., 2003. Chemistry of the early oceans: the environment of early life. Edited by Rothschild, L.J. and Lister, A.M., Academic Press, Boston, p. 55-64.
Lane, N., 2009. Life ascending. W.W. Norton and Company, New York, pp. 344. Mavi Gezegen Yıl 2016 Sayı 21 15
Wicander, R. ve Monroe, J.S., 2013. Historical geology Evolution of Earth and life through time. Cengage Learning, USA, pp.434.
Mayr, E., 1997. This is biology- The science of the living world. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 323.
Cowen, R., 2005. History of life. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, pp. 324.
Prothero, D.R., 2007. Evolution- What the fossils say and why it matters. Columbia University Press, New Yprk, pp. 381.
Shubin, N., 2008. Your inner fish-A journey into the 3.5-billlion year history of the human body. Pantheheon Books, New York, pp. 229.
Sapp, J., 2009. The new foundation of evolution. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 425.
Shubin, N., 2013. The universe within. Pantheheon Books, New York, pp. 225.
MacLeod, N., 2013. The great extinctions. Firefly Books, London, pp. 208.
Bennett, J. ve Shostak, S., 2012. Life in the universe. Pearson, Boston, pp.483.
Nutman, A.P., Bennett, V.C., Friend, C.R.L., Van Kranendonk, M.J. ve Chivas, A.R., 2016. Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures. Nature 537, 535-538.
Walter, M.R., Buick, R. ve Dunlop, S.R., 1980. Stromatolites 3,400-3,500 Myr old from the North 255 Pole area, Western Australia. Nature 284, 443-445.
Schopf, J.W., 1999. Cradle of life Discovering of Earths earliest fossils. Prenciten University Press, Princiten, pp. 355.
Knoll, A.H., 2003. Life on a young planet- The first three billion years of evolution on Earth. Princeton University Press, Princetron, pp. 277.
Allwood, A.C., Walter, M.R., Kamber, B.S., Marshall, C.P. ve Burch, I.W., 2006. Stromatolite reef 265 from the Early Archaean era of Australia. Nature 441, 714- 718.
Polat, A., Hofmann, A.W. ve Rosing, M., 2002. Boninite-like volcanic rocks in the 3.7 - 3.8 Ga Isua greenstone belt, West Greenland: Geochemical evidence for intra-oceanic subduction zone processes in the early Earth. Chemical Geology 184, 231-254.
Holland, H.D., 2006. The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 361, 903-915.
Hazen, R.M., 2012. The story of Earth-The first 4.5 billion years, from stardust to living planet. Viking, New York, pp. 356.
Hawking, S., 1988. A brief history o time-From the Big Bang to black holes. Bantam books, New York, pp.198.
Singh, S., 2004. Big Bang the origin of the Universe. Harper Prennial, New York, pp. 532.
Hawking, S. ve Mlodinow, L., 2010. The grand design. Bantom Books, New York, pp. 198.
Krauss, L.M., 2012. A Universe from nothin-Why there is something rather than nothing. Atria, New York, pp. 202.
Turok, N., 2012. The universe within. Anansi, Toronto, pp. 292.
Bennett, J.O., Donahie, M.O., Schneider, N. ve Voit, M., 2015. The essentials cosmic perspective. Pearson Education, Toronto, pp. 525.
Dalrymple, G.B., 1994.The Age of the Earth. Stanford University Press, New York, pp. 477.
Bowring, S.A. ve Williams, I.S., 1999. Priscoan (4.00- 4.03 Ga) orthogneisses fromNW Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 134, 3-16.
Compston, W. ve Pidgeon, R.T., 1986. Jack Hills, evidence of more very old zircons in Western Australia, Nature 321, 766-769.
Wilde, S.A., Valley, J.W., Peck, W.H. ve Graham, C. M., 2001. Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. Nature 409, 175-178.
Monroe, J.S. ve Wicander, R. 2015. The changing Earth - Exploring geology and evolution. Cole - Cengage Learning, 8th Edition, pp.712.
Dawkins, R., 2009. The greatest show on Earth-The evidence for evolution. Free Press, New York, pp. 470.
Raabe, M. ve Wojtowicz, C., 2007. Tiktaalik roseae. Bioweb.uwlax.edu.
Bizler, tüm canlılarla ve de dinozorlar ve mamutlar gibi soyu tükenmiş milyonlarca canlı türü ile ortak bir atayı paylaşmaktayız. Bu ortak atayı bir ağacın köküne, canlı sınıflarını, takımlarını, ailelerini, cinslerini ve türlerini ise ağacın kolları, dalları, budakları ve uçlarına benzetebiliriz.
Orta Doğu`da Petrol Neden Bu Kadar Çok?
Petrol
Konsolide
Gondwana
Balina sırtı
Alsharhan, A.S., and Nairn, A.E.M., 2003. Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology of the Middle East, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 943 s.
Baker, N. E. , Henson F. R. S., 1952. Geological conditions of oil occurrence in Middle East fields, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V. 36, No:10, 1885-1901.
Beydoun, Z.R., 1991. Arabian Plate Hydro-carbon Geology and Potential: A Plate Tectonic Approach (AAPG Studies in Geology #33, Çeviren`in notu Orta Doğu ülkeleri arasında -bu coğrafyaya yakın ve çoğunlukla
Beydoun, Z.R., 1998. Arabian plate oil and gas: Why so rich and so prolific?, Episodes, 21, 2, 74-81.
Bois, C., Bouché, P., and Pelet, R., 1982. Global geologic history and distribution of hydrocarbon reserves. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V.66, 1248-1270.
Irving, E. North, F. K. Couillard, R., 1974. Oil, Climate, and Tectonics. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 11, i. 1, 1-17.
Kamen-Kaye, M., 1970. Geology and Productivity of Persian Gulf Synclinorium. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V. 54, no. 12, 2371-2394
Klemme, H. D., Ulmishek, G. F., 1991. Effective petroleum source rocks of the World: stratigraphic distribution and controlling depositional factors, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V. 75, 1809-1851
Law, J., 1957. Reasons for Persian Gulf oil abundance. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V. 41, 1, 51-69
Murris, R.J., 1980. Middle East: Stratigraphic evolution and oil habitat. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V.64, 597-620.
Parrish, J. T., 1982. Upwelling and Petroleum Source Beds, With Reference to Paleozoic, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, V. 66, 6, 750-774
Dünya`da petrol rezervleri bakımından, ikinci bir Orta Doğu bulunmamaktadır. Dünyanın bu "petrol mucize"si, Orta Doğunun jeolojik tarihçesinde iz bırakmış bazıları küresel ve diğerleri yerel bir dizi olumlu faktörle şekillenmiştir.